by

Hmoob
los ntawm; ze ntawd; ntawm – qhia tus ua ib yam haujlwm, lossis qhov chaw uas nyob ze
Piv txwv:
This book was written by my teacher.
Phau ntawv no raug sau los ntawm kuv tus xibfwb.

She is standing by the door.
Nws sawv ze ntawd ntawm lub qhov rooj.


ไทย
โดย; ข้างๆ; ใกล้ – ใช้แสดงผู้กระทำ หรือใช้บอกสถานที่ใกล้
ตัวอย่าง:
This book was written by my teacher.
หนังสือเล่มนี้เขียนโดยครูของฉัน

She is standing by the door.
เธอยืนอยู่ข้างๆประตู


Tiếng Việt
bởi; gần; bên – dùng để chỉ người làm hành động, hoặc vị trí gần kề
Ví dụ:
This book was written by my teacher.
Cuốn sách này được viết bởi giáo viên của tôi

She is standing by the door.
Cô ấy đang đứng bên cửa